Ogham

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Ogham

Ogham is the old Irish alphabet of strokes cut along a stem line, carved on the edges of standing stones and kept in the medieval Irish books of ogham, the Auraicept na nÉces and In Lebor Ogaim. Those books pair each letter with a tree or plant, which is why ogham is often called the Irish tree alphabet.

Twenty original letters, the feda, sit in four groups of five called aicmi, and five later letters, the forfeda, were added after them. Choose a letter below to read its lore, its tree and how we read it today.

The four aicmi

  • Aicme Beithe, the B group: one to five strokes to one side of the stem line.
  • Aicme hUatha, the H group: one to five strokes to the other side.
  • Aicme Muine, the M group: one to five strokes slanting across the line.
  • Aicme Ailme, the vowels: one to five strokes straight across the line; on the stones, notches cut into the edge.
  • The forfeda: five extra letters, EA, OI, UI, IO and AE, added after the twenty.

Aicme Beithe

Aicme hUatha

Aicme Muine

Aicme Ailme

The forfeda

Keep exploring

Further reading

  • The Auraicept na nÉces and In Lebor Ogaim, the medieval Irish books of ogham

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